O presente artigo se sustenta fundamentalmente em dois textos seminais de Franklin Leopoldo e Silva que representam uma contribuição essencial em meu caminho filosófico e especialmente na compreensão que desenvolvi e continuo desenvolvendo da filosofia bergsoniana. No meu modo de ver, tais textos iluminam, como poucos grandes textos, a originalidade, a importância e a potência de Bergson para o pensamento contemporâneo. Em diálogo com esses dois textos, associo, preponderantemente, textos do próprio Bergson e outros textos de Leopoldo e Silva, procurando (...) assinalar, a partir daí, o valor de suas filosofias em nossa formação ao integrarem pensamento, vida e história. (shrink)

Este texto busca levantar reflexões sobre a importância e necessidades da educação para as relações étnico-raciais e promoção da educação antirracista. A partir do uso conceitual de letramento racial crítico e, da análise de legislações que consideramos oportunas para o enfrentamento do racismo, tais como a Lei nº 14.532, de 11 de janeiro de 2023, Lei nº 7.716, de 5 de janeiro de 1989, que visam criminalizar o racismo, e da Lei nº 10.639, de 9 de janeiro de 2003 sobre (...) a obrigatoriedade do ensino de história e cultura da população afro-brasileira e africana, as compreendemos como avanços no combate ao racismo. Em vista de levantarmos possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de um ensino pautado na luta antirracismo a partir e de que promova o letramento racial crítico, levantamos algumas observações sobre a música Bluesman, de Baco Exu do blues, como alternativa para o levantamento reflexivo em sala de aula para a valorização da história e identidade da população negra. (shrink)

Rescue workers have a stressful and risky occupation where being engaged is crucial to face physical and emotional risks in order to help other persons. This study aims to estimate work engagement levels of rescue workers (namely comparing nurses, firefighters, and police officers) and to assess the validity evidence related to the internal structure of the Portuguese versions of the UWES-17 and UWES-9, namely, dimensionality, measurement invariance between occupational groups, and reliability of the scores. To evaluate the dimensionality, we compared (...) the fit of the three-factor model with the fit of a second-order model. A Portuguese version of the instrument was applied to a convenience sample of 3,887 rescue workers (50% nurses, 39% firefighters, and 11% police officers). Work engagement levels were moderate to high, with firefighters being the highest and nurses being the lowest engaged. Psychometric properties were evaluated in the three-factor original structure revealing acceptable fit to the data in the UWES-17, although the UWES-9 had better psychometric properties. Given the observed statistically significant correlations between the three original factors, we proposed a 2nd hierarchal structure that we named work engagement. The UWES-9 first-order model obtained full uniqueness measurement invariance, and the second-order model obtained partial (metric) second-order invariance. (shrink)

No presente ensaio, discute-se o impacto do negacionismo na Educação escolar. Essa ideologia é baseada em falsos argumentos, cujos protagonistas negam evidências cientificamente comprovadas, como forma de fortalecer seus anseios pelo poder. A narrativa negacionista atinge pessoas que aceitam acriticamente e replicam esses argumentos como se fossem verdades absolutas. Um dos resultados da disseminação e aceitação dessa ideologia é o estímulo a ações extremistas, como vimos acontecer recentemente no Brasil. A negação fomenta intencionalmente os analfabetismos histórico, social e científico. As (...) pessoas "contaminadas" por essa ideologia extremista ignoram os argumentos lógicos e permanecem alheias ao avanço da Ciência. Acreditam em disparates, como o chamado “terraplanismo”; são disseminadores de informações falsas; promovem “cruzadas” antivacinação; defendem o uso de medicamentos ineficazes; e fomentam o descrédito da democracia. As ideias de Paulo Freire, que estimulam o cultivo do pensamento crítico e emancipatório, é o aporte teóricometodológico que norteia este ensaio, contextualizado na prática docente dos autores, que consideram a Educação como uma prática de liberdade. (shrink)

This book intends to make known, in a detailed but accessible way to the general public, an old idea, but which has had a renewed interest in recent years: the proposal of attributing an unconditional basic income for all. This idea, often discarded and disqualified for allegedly belonging to the mere domain of utopia, understood in a pejorative sense as something unrealizable, has been the target of the interest of many people (academics, politicians, businesspeople, activists and, of course, all citizens (...) concerned with the common good) is presented as being feasible through several concrete experiences and pilot projects. (shrink)

The need for ecological sustainability has been translated into different indicators such as the ‘ecological footprint’ and the ‘planetary boundaries’. Analysis of both concepts concludes that the planet is currently undergoing a period of ecological unsustainability. For this reason, ecologists argue that various limits are required in order to move to a path of sustainability. The implementation of such limits has mostly been analysed from the perspectives of environmental rights and environmental justice, however research in terms of freedom is (surprisingly) (...) still lacking. In what way do such limits have an impact on freedom? I will argue that there are two different ways to analyse the relation between freedom and ecological limits: on the one hand, freedom is often referred to as being in competition with ecological sustainability and the limits it is required to impose, and, on the other hand, the impact on an individual’s freedom due to ecological catastrophe if strict limits are not implemented. Accepting that freedom is an important topic regarding ecological challenges, I ask which conception of freedom is better suited to answer this challenge as well as the required implementation of ecological limits. I compare and confront the closely linked conceptions of freedom as non-frustration and the closely linked conception of non-limitation, as well as non-interference and the conception of freedom as non-domination. After presenting these conceptions I examine their relationship with ecological limits. The conclusion is that the conception of freedom as non-domination is better placed to justify ecological limits necessary to promote an ecologically sustainable future. (shrink)

Diante de uma crise sanitária mundial, a pandemia do COVID-19, iniciada em 2020, fez com a humanidade se reorganizasse, entrando em uma nova era. Os órgãos de saúde competentes, juntamente com as nações, expuseram suas preocupações, editando decretos e normativas a serem seguidas, com medidas rigorosas de isolamento social. E a Educação foi uma das áreas mais afetadas, por ser um dos pilares mais importante na sociedade moderna. A rotina que antes era totalmente presencial, passou a ser a distância, novas (...) ferramentas foram ganhando palco, as tecnologias entraram em cena, as mídias sociais passam a ser recursos, estratégias para novas abordagens, metodologias passaram a ser repensadas, reorganizadas, para oferecer uma educação de qualidade, mesmo em tempos de crise. E partindo dessa ideia, o presente trabalho visa discutir e compreender se toda essa mudança, essa troca de cenário de forma abrupta, e as estratégias conseguiram alcançar os objetivos propostos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A análise ocorreu em uma escola pública municipal da região norte de Cuiabá- MT, no período letivo de 2020 e 2021, sendo observadas o curso das disciplinas Arte e Educação Física, com um público de alunos variados, da pré-escola ao 3° ano do Ensino Fundamental I. (shrink)

To evaluate sustainable practices in the production of meals: the use of water and energy, the presence of chemical products, the generation of organic and inorganic residues and criteria related to the purchase of food. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2015 to January 2016. The convenience sample consisted of 20 commercial self-service restaurants of varied gastronomy in the city of Santos-SP, of which 10 were located in the region of Orla and 10 downtown. Information was obtained (...) by means of the application of a structured checklist based on the recommendations of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) and an interview. Results: In the descriptive data analysis, we observed a greater number of sustainable actions in the region of Orla, corresponding to 75% (n=12) of the sixteen items evaluated, which are evidenced in the questions that refer to the sustainable use of water 100% (n=4) and electrical energy: 100% (n=3), adequate management of organic and inorganic waste: 66,66% (n=2) and rationality in aspects related to economy: 66,66% (n=2). Conclusion: Sustainability in the production of meals involves a set of practices, which were observed more expressively in the Orla region. (shrink)

Ecological sustainability is essential in order to ensure human flourishing and human freedom.1 There is a scientific consensus regarding the anthropogenic origin of the activities leading to diffe...

The Greens are the political group in which the support for the implementation of a basic income is stronger. Nevertheless, the reasons for that support are not always clear and quite often not related to environmental issues. For this reason, two different approaches to a green BI – environmental and ecological – are discussed in this article. The first could be part of a green growth strategy, whereas the second would require structural changes to the economic model, in support of (...) a post-productivist economy. Although showing some overlaps, these models are in conflict in some central aspects, such as the role of economic growth in promoting sustainability. For this reason, it might be incorrect to assume that an environmental BI is a step towards an ecological BI. We will focus on the green aspects as a consequence of implementing a BI and independently of its sources of funding – namely by looking into the amount a BI needs to be set up in order to support shifting activities from the market to the autonomous sphere – and on the green potential of its sources of financing. (shrink)

We make a first attempt to axiomatically formulate the Montevideo interpretation of quantum mechanics. In this interpretation environmental decoherence is supplemented with loss of coherence due to the use of realistic clocks to measure time to solve the measurement problem. The resulting formulation is framed entirely in terms of quantum objects without having to invoke the existence of measurable classical quantities like the time in ordinary quantum mechanics. The formulation eliminates any privileged role to the measurement process giving an objective (...) definition of when an event occurs in a system. (shrink)

The Greens are the political group in which the support for the implementation of a basic income is stronger. Nevertheless, the reasons for that support are not always clear and quite often not related to environmental issues. For this reason, two different approaches to a green BI – environmental and ecological – are discussed in this article. The first could be part of a green growth strategy, whereas the second would require structural changes to the economic model, in support of (...) a post-productivist economy. Although showing some overlaps, these models are in conflict in some central aspects, such as the role of economic growth in promoting sustainability. For this reason, it might be incorrect to assume that an environmental BI is a step toward an ecological BI. We will focus on the green aspects as a consequence of implementing a BI and independently of its sources of funding – namely by looking into the amount a BI needs to be in order to support shifting activities from the market to the autonomous sphere – and on the green potential of its sources of financing. (shrink)

Green republicanism can be described as a subset of republican political theory that aims at promoting human flourishing by ensuring a non-dominating and ecologically sustainable republic. An essential aspect of green republicanism is the promotion of post-productivism while preserving or expanding republican freedom as non-domination. Post-productivism implies the promotion of personal autonomy rather than the pursuit of permanent economic growth and the promotion of labour as an intrinsically positive human activity, which for green republicans will have three positive aspects: reduced (...) ecological impact, more time available for civic participation, and the extension of democratic decision-making and norms to the sphere of production. An important aspect in the definition of a post-productivist society is the way welfare schemes are designed. In this article, I will thus compare the existing welfare regimes with a participation income and with an unconditional basic income, and analyse how they promote green republican goals. I conclude that the current systems are one of the elements of the productivist society and that would not answer the green republican conditions. A green participation income could have a positive ecological impact and contribute to a shift to post-productivism but would face serious challenges from a republican perspective, namely in terms of the non-arbitrariness of its attribution. Finally, I conclude that depending on how it is defined, an unconditional basic income could contribute to post-productivism while being non-arbitrary thus obeying the green republican conditions. (shrink)

We argue that it is fundamentally impossible to recover information about quantum superpositions when a quantum system has interacted with a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom of the environment. This is due to the fact that gravity imposes fundamental limitations on how accurate measurements can be. This leads to the notion of undecidability: there is no way to tell, due to fundamental limitations, if a quantum system evolved unitarily or suffered wavefunction collapse. This in turn provides a solution (...) to the problem of outcomes in quantum measurement by providing a sharp criterion for defining when an event has taken place. We analyze in detail in examples two situations in which in principle one could recover information about quantum coherence: (a) “revivals” of coherence in the interaction of a system with the measurement apparatus and the environment and (b) the measurement of global observables of the system plus apparatus plus environment. We show in the examples that the fundamental limitations due to gravity and quantum mechanics in measurement prevent both revivals from occurring and the measurement of global observables. It can therefore be argued that the emerging picture provides a complete resolution to the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. (shrink)

Os transtornos alimentares são distúrbios psiquiátricos, envolvendo os sistemas psicológicos, emocionais, cognitivos, fisiológicos e alimentares podendo levar o indivíduo ao óbito. Este artigo teve o intuito de analisar os resultados de intervenções direcionadas à prevenção ou redução da ocorrência de transtornos alimentares em literaturas nacionais e internacionais. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases de dados CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science, utilizando o cruzamento de palavras-chaves: “eating disorders” AND “randomized controlled trial”. Foram selecionados 82 artigos;13 atenderam (...) aos critérios de inclusão e foram analisados. Após Análise, os resultados dos estudos demonstraram que os transtornos alimentares podem ser prevenidos e tratados por diferentes tipos de intervenções. Como a etiologia dos transtornos alimentares é multifatorial, é importante a realização de estudos nacionais, pois fatores ambientes da realidade brasileira podem alterar os resultados obtidos em outras realidades socioculturais. (shrink)

A POÉTICA DA VIDA E A LINGUAGEM DA FILOSOFIA.

O presente artigo pretende analisar, a partir do liber II do De Vita Caesarum, de Suetônio, o perfil do imperador Augusto, promovendo uma discussão sobre os aspectos linguísticos e estilísticos da obra, discorrendo sobre sua contribuição ainda não devidamente valorizada para o desenvolvimento da historiografia moderna, cotejando, analisando e discutindo traduções de modo a propor alteração em diversos fragmentos.

Resumo Este artigo analisa a ocorrência cotidiana, nas redações de jornal, de inúmeras manifestações “laicas” da religiosidade (na concepção simmeliana, é uma capacidade humana que engloba a totalidade da existência e lhe confere sentido). O autor trabalhou, durante cinco anos, nas redações dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo. das observações, anotadas num diário de campo, entrevistas e levantamento de dados, resultou uma “repor-tese” – uma reportagem que virou doutorado. Não há no jornalismo um componente (...) religioso formal. Mas, por predisposição pessoal, ethos da profissão ou tradição, a religiosidade do jornalista secreta um sentido de promoção da verdade e da justiça. A empresa jornalística exerce uma peculiar onipotência ao selecionar acontecimentos que considera dignos de ser publicados. A ancoragem da imprensa no tempo lhe confere certa eternidade, pois a sucessão ininterrupta de edições configura um retorno ao eterno presente. Conclui-se que a característica “religiosa” do jornalismo se manifesta sob forma de rituais de lugar e tempo, de pessoas e falas e também como mística da vocação, da missão e do sofrimento. Essas condições também podem ser usadas como um disfarce “heróico” na exploração do trabalhador. Palavras-chave: Jornalismo; Fenômeno religioso; Ritual; Mística.This article analyses the daily occurrence of multiple secular manifestations of religiousness in newspapers editorial rooms (according to Georg Simmel, it is a human capacity that involves the whole existence and endows it with sense). The author worked for newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo for five years. From his observations, written down in a diary, interviews and collected data, he wrote a “reporthesis” – a newspaper report that turned into a doctorate thesis. There is not a formal religious component in journalism. But, due to a personal disposition, professional ethos or tradition, the journalist’s religiousness comprises a sense of promotion of truth and justice. Journalists exercise a peculiar omnipotence when they select events that they consider worth publishing. The fundamental connection between the press and time confers a specific eternity on it, once the occurrence of non-stop editions points out a return to the eternal present. We conclude that the “religious” characteristic of journalism appears as rituals of place and time, of people and discourse, and also as a mystic of vocation, mission and suffering. Those conditions can also be a “heroic” disguise for the exploitation of workers. Key words: Journalism; Religious phenomenon; Ritual; Mystic. (shrink)

Apresentação do dossiê, indicando sua estrutura.

Quase que diariamente presenciamos no Brasil o aparecimento de novas alternativas religiosas, assim como uma intensa fragmentação institucional dentro das igrejas protestantes já estabelecidas. Nesse cenário, surgem igrejas autônomas, voltadas a certos públicos específicos, oferecendo produtos simbólicos mais próximos à realidade desses grupos. Enquadra-se entre as voltadas a “tribos urbanas” específicas a “Bola de Neve Church”, oficializada em 1999. Neste artigo, faz-se a análise antropológica da Igreja Evangélica Bola de Neve, situada no bairro Tatuapé, na Zona Leste da cidade de (...) São Paulo, visando a compreender a estrutura de culto, o perfil dos membros e trabalhando o tipo de comunicação que é utilizada, tendo como método de pesquisa o trabalho de campo, leituras específicas sobre o neopentecostalismo no Brasil e entrevistas e análises pessoais dos membros que ali congregam. Também se levanta a possibilidade de essa igreja, bem como outras voltadas a públicos específicos, poder ser interpretada como uma quarta onda do pentecostalismo dentro da teoria das ondas de Paul Freston, onde imperaria a Teologia da Autonomia. Palavras-chave : Bola de neve. Pentecostalismo. Protestantismo. Tribos urbanas.: In Brazil, we witness the emergence of new religious alternatives almost daily, as well as a strong institutional fragmentation within the established Protestant churches. In this scenario, emerge autonomous churches with target specific audiences, offering symbolic products that match the needs of those audiences. For example, churches focused on "urban tribes" such as "Igreja Evangélica Bola de Neve" ("Snowball Church"), incorporated in 1999, on the Tatuapé neighborhood of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. This article presents an anthropological analysis of "Snowball church", seeking to understand the structure of worship, the profile of members, and the kind of communication that is used in there. The research methodology was field work, targeted readings about neopentecostalism in Brazil, and interviews with church members. It also raises the possibility of this church and others focused on “urban tribes” be interpreted as a fourth wave of pentecostalism in Paul Freston`s wave theory, where a Theology of Autonomy prevails. Keywords: Snowball. Pentecostalism. Protestantism. Urban tribes. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta o resultado da pesquisa que abordou a investigação sobre as rupturas epistemológicas e o discurso sobre Deus na obra As palavras e as coisas , de Michel Foucault. Intitulada como "Deus, as palavras e as coisas", a pesquisa parcialmente apresentada aqui pretende ser uma colaboração para a análise do que se tem identificado como fenômeno do neo-ateísmo, um tema de grande relevância para a Filosofia da Religião nos dias atuais. Para compreendê-lo, apresentam-se, seguindo a perspectiva foucaultiana, os (...) distintos matizes epistemológicos que sustentam a concepção sobre Deus. Em seus três momentos, o texto apresenta a episteme renascentista e o discurso de Deus, a episteme clássica e a idéia sobre Deus e, por fim, a episteme moderna, a morte de Deus e a morte do homem. Acredita-se que aquilo que se decide na contemporaneidade não seja necessariamente o acabamento do tempo da morte de Deus e a consequente morte do homem, fruto do modo moderno de compreender e tematizar o divino, o infinito, o absoluto ou o verdadeiro, mas uma clara disputa entre variadas perspectivas epistemológicas em suas concretizações científica, política, cultural e religiosa. Palavras-chaves: Michel Foucault, Filosofia da Religião, Epistemologia, Deus, Ateísmo.The article presents the results of research that investigate on epistemological ruptures and speaking about God in The Order of Things writhed by Michel Foucault. Entitled as "God, words and things," this research partially presented here is intended as collaboration for the analysis of what has been identified as phenomenon of neo-atheism, a topic very important for the Philosophy of Religion today. To understand it, we present, following the Foucaultian perspective, the different epistemological nuances underpinning conception of God. In her three moments, the text presents the Renaissance episteme and the God's discourse, the classical episteme and the idea of God and, finally, the modern episteme , the death of God and man's death. It is believed that what is decided in the contemporary is not necessarily the finish time of the death of God and the consequent man's death, the fruit of modern way of understanding and themes on the divine, the infinite, the absolute or true, but a clear dispute between different epistemological perspectives in their political, cultural and religious diversity achievements. Key words: Michel Foucault; Philosophy of Religion;Epistemology; God; Atheism. (shrink)

We argue that it is fundamentally impossible to recover information about quantum superpositions when a quantum system has interacted with a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom of the environment. This is due to the fact that gravity imposes fundamental limitations on how accurate measurements can be. This leads to the notion of undecidability: there is no way to tell, due to fundamental limitations, if a quantum system evolved unitarily or suffered wavefunction collapse. This in turn provides a solution (...) to the problem of outcomes in quantum measurement by providing a sharp criterion for defining when an event has taken place. We analyze in detail in examples two situations in which in principle one could recover information about quantum coherence: a) “revivals” of coherence in the interaction of a system with the measurement apparatus and the environment and b) the measurement of global observables of the system plus apparatus plus environment. We show in the examples that the fundamental limitations due to gravity and quantum mechanics in measurement prevent both revivals from occurring and the measurement of global observables. It can therefore be argued that the emerging picture provides a complete resolution to the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. (shrink)

Después de casi ocho años de publicada en París, bajo el sello de la prestigiosa editorial L’Harmattan, aparece en Chile la obra del profesor José Manuel Zavala Los mapuches del siglo XVIII. Dinámica interétnica y estrategias de resistencia, originalmente titulada en francés Les Indiens Mapuche du Chili. Al igual que Alvaro Jara, Marcello Carmagnani y Guillaume Boccara, por citar algunos estudiosos chilenos y franceses que publicaron primero sus obras en Francia, Zavala puede poner recién aho..

Bergson concebeu sua teoria do conhecimento fundamentada numa teoria da vida: com base nos dados da experiência, defende que a vida desenvolve potenciais de consciência, liberdade, inteligência e intuição que culminam no ser humano. Neste artigo, após contextualizarmos sua vida e obra, buscamos mostrar como, a partir de sua teoria do conhecimento, delineia-se uma forma inovadora de se compreender a subjetividade e a educação.

System analyses deal with interrelationships between different variables that keep the system in balance. In many analysis of complex thinking, a system is viewed as a complex unit in which the ‘whole’ is not reduced to the ‘sum’ of its parts; the system becomes an ambiguous item because it consists of several entities that interact with unforeseen results or, in other words, it is situated at a transdisciplinary level, it is impossible for an area to have a complete reading of (...) its complexity. It was also mentioned that the concept of the open system best describes complexity by stating that ‘the laws of the organization are not equilibrium, but an imbalance that is restored or compensated for by stabilized dynamics’. This idea originated from the field of thermodynamics and the second law, in which the imbalance that it maintains allows the system for an apparent balance. This fragile steady state has something of a paradox, since the structures remain the same, but their constituents are changeable. The concept of open system undoes the door to a theory of evolution that can only derive from the interactions between a system and its ecosystem. Within this systemic approach, the focus of the analysis takes into account the ambiguity, multidisciplinary and complexity associated with system adjustment, i.e. it is intended to qualify an employee job based on their experience and knowledge as a measure of their impact on the organization performance. (shrink)

There is a growing interest in understanding consumer ethical actions in relation to their dealings with firms. This paper examines whether there are differences between Northern and Southern European Union (EU) consumers'' perceptions of ethical consumer behaviour using Muncy and Vitell''s (1992) Consumer Ethics Scale (CES). The study samples 962 university students across four Northern EU countries (Germany, Denmark, Scotland, The Netherlands) and four Southern EU countries (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece). Some differences are identified between the two samples, which might (...) question the ability of organisations to consider the EU as one homogeneous market. (shrink)

Crer, experimentar, fabular: ensaio sobre a experiência Resumo: Partindo da concepção deleuziana e deleuzo-guattariana da crença nesse mundo, esse ensaio procurará pensar a temática da experiência dentro do campo educacional. Para tanto, procuraremos pensar o modo como os filósofos Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari concebem uma espécie de crença imanente, voltada para a experimentação vital das forças constitutivas do mundo, capaz de ultrapassar os condicionantes transcendentes da experiência. Para a devida compreensão de uma tal crença, devedora daquilo que Deleuze denomina (...) de empirismo transcendental, retomaremos o diálogo travado pelos autores de O que é a Filosofia? com a noção de fabulação preconizada por Henri Bergson. Buscaremos apresentar o modo como se dá a articulação entre os conceitos de fabulação e crença, importante na medida em que permitirá pensarmos uma experiência não condicionada por nenhuma instância transcendente, experiência a qual Deleuze e Deleuze-Guattari denominarão de experimentação. O conceito de experimentação, acreditamos, pode contribuir para as discussões recentes sobre experiência presentes no campo educacional, mormente aquelas empreendias por Jorge Larrosa Bondia e Julio Groppa Aquino. Palavras-chave: Crença imanente; Experiência; Fabulação; Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari; Henri Bergson. Believe, experience, fable: an essay about experience Abstract: This article starting from the Deleuzian and Deleuzo-Guattarian conception of belief in this world and will try to think the theme of experience in the educational field. Therefore, we trying to think the way in which the philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari conceive a kind of immanent belief, focused on the vital experimentation of the constitutive forces of the world and capable of overcoming the transcendent conditions of experience. For the proper understanding of such a belief, indebted to what Deleuze calls transcendental empiricism, we will resume the dialogue carried out by the authors of What is Philosophy? with the notion of fabulation advocated by Henri Bergson. We will present the way in which the concepts of fabulation and belief take place, which is important in that it will allow us to think about an experience that is not conditioned by any transcendent instance, an experience that Deleuze and Deleuze-Guattari will call experimentation. The concept of experimentation, we believe, can contribute to the recent discussions on experience present in the educational field, especially those undertaken by Jorge Larrosa Bondia and Julio Groppa Aquino. Keyword: Immanent believe; Experience; Fable; Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari ; Henri Bergson. Creer, experimentar, fábula: ensayo sobre experiência Resumen: A partir de la concepción Deleuzian y Deleuzo-Guattarian de creencia en este mundo, este ensayo tratará de pensar el tema de la experiencia dentro del campo educativo. Por lo tanto, trataremos de pensar en la forma que los filósofos Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari conciben una especie de creencia inmanente, centrada en la experimentación vital de las fuerzas constitutivas del mundo, capaz de superar las condiciones trascendentes de la experiencia. Para la comprensión adecuada de tal creencia, en deuda con lo que Deleuze llama empirismo trascendental, reanudaremos el diálogo llevado a cabo por los autores de ¿Qué es la filosofía? con la noción de fabulación defendida por Henri Bergson. Intentaremos presentar la forma en que tienen lugar los conceptos de fabulación y creencia, lo cual es importante ya que nos permitirá pensar en una experiencia que no está condicionada por ninguna instancia trascendente, una experiencia que Deleuze y Deleuze-Guattari llamarán experimentación. El concepto de experimentación, creemos, puede contribuir a las discusiones recientes sobre la experiencia presente en el campo educativo, especialmente las emprendidas por Jorge Larrosa Bondia y Julio Groppa Aquino. Palabras clave: Creencia imanente; Experiencia; Fábula; Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari; Henri Bergson. Data de registro: 29/04/2020 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021. (shrink)

Este artigo é uma reflexão acerca dos sentidos da transitoriedade em Schopenhauer, na medida em que conhecemos as conclusões da metafísica imanente sobre o Nunc Stans ao fundo do transcorrer do tempo, a roda da Vontade Cósmica girando fora do tempo, do espaço e da causalidade. O diálogo que aparece ao fundo do texto será estabelecido a partir do contraste das concepções de eterno retorno em Schopenhauer e Nietzsche, mas abrange noções da Psicanálise de Freud e os comentários literários de (...) Jorge Luiz Borges. Em sentido específico, o eterno retorno em Schopenhauer se caracteriza pela recorrência do sofrimento e das formas efetivas, consideradas por Schopenhauer a partir do dogma de Plotino, o das ideias platônicas. Tais ideias, como atos originários da vontade, continuamente reinstauram o mundo, ainda que as formas específicas expressem as ideias já no âmbito da representação submetida ao princípio de razão, ou, em outras palavras, no âmbito da causalidade. A pergunta sobre os lugares correspondentes à lembrança, à memória e à História nos instiga justamente pelo caráter imanente da filosofia de Schopenhauer, para quem a pergunta sobre o mundo deveria ser respondida a partir do próprio mundo. (shrink)

This article aims to make public part of the research on the concept of ‘light’ in the theological and, above all, liturgical tradition of the Greek Orthodox Church, based on its representation of the concept of ‘hypostasis’. Taking as a point of departure the interpretation of the expression ‘light of light’ [φῶς ἐκ φωτός (phôs ek phōtos)] of the text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Symbol, the article presents a proposal for the interpretation of the concept of ‘representation’ for this specific case, (...) based on the idea of apomímesis, and applies this concept to a reading of the place of ‘light’ in the Holy Scripture, in the Patrology and in the Greek Eastern Liturgies. (shrink)

In this chapter, we discuss a selection of current views of the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). We focus on the different predictions they make, in particular with respect to the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) during visual experiences, which is an area of critical interest and some source of contention. Our discussion of these views focuses on the level of functional anatomy, rather than at the neuronal circuitry level. We take this approach because we currently understand more about experimental (...) evidence at this coarse level and because these results are appropriate for arbitrating between current theoretical frameworks. We discuss the Two-Visual-Systems Hypothesis (Milner & Goodale 1995; 2006), Local Recurrency (Lamme 2010; Lamme 2006), Higher Order (Lau 2008; Lau & Rosenthal 2011) and Global Workspace theories (Baars 1997; Baars 2005; Dehaene & Naccache 2001; Dehaene 2014). Despite the apparent stark differences between conscious and unconscious perceptual processing, available evidence suggests that their neural substrates must be largely shared. This indicates that the difference in neural activity between conscious and unconscious perceptual processing is likely to be subtle and highly specialized. We argue that current experimental evidence about the involvement of specific activity in prefrontal cortex supports the higher order neural theory of consciousness. In consequence, imaging techniques that focus only on marked differences between conscious and unconscious level of activity are likely to be insensitive to the relevant neural activity patterns that underlie conscious experiences. Finally, it follows from the evidence we discuss that the functional advantages of conscious over unconscious perceptual processing may be more limited than commonly thought. (shrink)

Introspection is a fundamental part of our mental lives. Nevertheless, its reliability and its underlying cognitive architecture have been widely disputed. Here, I propose a principled way to model introspection. By using time-tested principles from signal detection theory (SDT) and extrapolating them from perception to introspection, I offer a new framework for an introspective signal detection theory (iSDT). In SDT, the reliability of perceptual judgments is a function of the strength of an internal perceptual response (signal- to-noise ratio) which is, (...) to a large extent, driven by the intensity of the stimulus. In parallel to perception, iSDT models the reliability of introspective judgments as a function of the strength of an internal introspective response (signal-to-noise ratio) which is, to a large extent, driven by the intensity of conscious experiences. Thus, by modelling introspection after perception, iSDT can calibrate introspection’s reliability across a whole range of contexts. iSDT offers a novel, illuminating way of thinking about introspection and the cognitive processes that support it. (shrink)

Healthcare professionals often face ethical conflicts and challenges related to decision-making that have necessitated consideration of the use of conscientious objection (CO). No current guidelines exist within Spain’s healthcare system regarding acceptable rationales for CO, the appropriate application of CO, or practical means to support healthcare professionals who wish to become conscientious objectors. As such, a procedural framework is needed that not only assures the appropriate use of CO by healthcare professionals but also demonstrates its ethical validity, legislative compliance through (...) protection of moral freedoms and patients’ rights to receive health care. Our proposal consists of prerequisites of eligibility for CO (individual reference, specific clinical context, ethical justification, assurance of non-discrimination, professional consistency, attitude of mutual respect, assurance of patient rights and safety) and a procedural process (notification and preparation, documentation and confidentiality, evaluation of prerequisites, non-abandonment, transparency, allowance for unforeseen objection, compensatory responsibilities, access to guidance and/or consultative advice, and organizational guarantee of professional substitution). We illustrate the real-world utility of the proposed framework through a case discussion in which our guidelines are applied. (shrink)

When a circular coin is rotated in depth, is there any sense in which it comes to resemble an ellipse? While this question is at the center of a rich and divided philosophical tradition (with some scholars answering affirmatively and some negatively), Morales et al. (2020, 2021) took an empirical approach, reporting 10 experiments whose results favor such perspectival similarity. Recently, Burge and Burge (2022) offered a vigorous critique of this work, objecting to its approach and conclusions on both philosophical (...) and empirical grounds. Here, we answer these objections on both fronts. We show that Burge and Burge’s critique rests on misunderstandings of Morales et al.’s claims; of the relation between the data and conclusions; and of the philosophical context in which the work appears. Specifically, Burge and Burge attribute to us a much stronger (and stranger) view than we hold, involving the introduction of “a new entity” located “in some intermediate position(s) between the distal shape and the retinal image.” We do not hold this view. Indeed, once properly understood, most of Burge and Burge’s objections favor Morales et al.’s claims rather than oppose them. Finally, we discuss several questions that remain unanswered, and reflect on a productive path forward on these issues of foundational scientific and philosophical interest. (shrink)

The purpose of this text is to examine the nodal points of the interpretation of Bergson presented in “Bergson: Intuição e discurso filosófico”, by Franklin Leopoldo e Silva, in order to make explicit the originality of his circumscription of the problem of language in this philosophy that claims to be intuitive. We argue that the notions of limit and tension are mobilized by the author to demonstrate the inseparable relationship between the critique of discursivity and intuitive access to the absolute (...) that is duration. We will also try to show how this approach offers us a new look at the particular way in which Bergson links philosophy and the history of philosophy in his first work. (shrink)